新外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit 1-3全部课文文本+翻译+录音，收藏备用
Unit 1
Facing the Future
面对未来
For many of us, it's something we already have experienced. One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives-the future. Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years' time? Can we become the person we really want to be In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way?
我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗?十年之后我们会在做什么?我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗?面对这些疑问，我们应该如何迎接未来呢?我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢?
As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. In this respect, some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart. Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.
正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。就这一方面而言，一些人比别人更幸运，例如，有两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家，对比他们的人生就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. He went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing In his words,"I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about." Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His short novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the three-day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever caught, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年，他从小立志，一心一意想要成为作家。高中毕业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说:“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历，创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。他的短篇小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条自己捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。
By contrast, the young Authur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in1859, had originally worked as doctor. But Doyle's' main ambition was to become a writer of historical novels. Although some of his historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.
相比而言，1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔，原先是一名医生，但他最大的志向却是成为名历史小说作家。虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克福尔摩斯的故事相比，所取得的成功不可同日而语。直到现在，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。
Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works. The public, however, couldn't get enough of Sherlock Holmes. In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his "serious" writing. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle's many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century.
有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间，在等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了行医，全身心地投入创作。除了其他学术作品，他还是渴望自己能因历史小说而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事百读不厌。绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便专心创作他的“严肃”作品。然而，福尔摩斯迷们对此感到非常愤怒，这使得道尔在巨大压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文几乎都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。
Though both of these men were ultimately successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected. As renowned tech innovator Steve Jobs once said, "You can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。因此，不管未来你会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说:“你无法预见性地将生命中的点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才会发现这些点滴之间的联系。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的，将在你未来的生命中串联起来。”
The Road Not Taken
未选择的路
Two roads diverged in a vellow wood
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，
可惜我无法兼顾，
身在旅途，我久久伫立，
极目望向—条路的尽头，
它蜿蜒拐进远方的灌木丛;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
但我却选了另外一条路，公正公平，
抑或有更佳理由，
它荒草萋萋，诱人涉足;
即便如此，旅人的足迹
让两条路看起来相差无几，
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
那天清晨落叶满地，
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊，我留下第一条路改日再探!
明知道路径延绵，
我不确定是否还能回到这里。
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
也许多年之后在某个地方，
我会回顾往事轻声叹息:
树林中有两条路，
我选择了人迹较少的那一条，
从此，它为我带来了全新的人生轨迹。
Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often quoted in speeches of all kinds. The poem has been set to music by a number of artists and used in numerous television commercials. It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time, not only because of its natural style, but also because of its thoughtful insights into human nature.
《未选择的路》这首诗中的诗句常常在各种演讲中被引用。许多艺术家为这首诗谱了曲，它还被运用于大量的电视广告之中。事实上，它已经成为美国历史上最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为其自然的风格，还因为其对人性的深刻洞察。
When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. Paths in the woods are often used to symbolize how our lives progress and change. The lines "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, /And sorry I could not travel both" give us a visual representation of the choices that we face and the decisions that we need to make. Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis. These range from the basic" What should I wear today?" to the key issues of what subject to study at university or what job to do after graduation. Of course, the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
阅读《未选择的路》总会让人脑海中不禁浮现出乡村深处静谧的树林。林间小路往往象征我们人生中的进步和变化。“金黄色林中两条路各奔一方，可惜我无法兼顾”这两句话生动地展现了我们面临的选择以及需要做出的决定。生活每天都会向我们抛出许多选择，不仅包括“我今天应该穿什么”这样的小问题，也包括大学应该学什么专业或者毕业后应该做什么工作这样的重大问题。当然，最大的困境往往源于道德问题，因为我们不确定哪个选择才是正确的。
Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they leads to specific consequences Once we make a decision, in most circumstances, there is no going back. Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to do so. Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards "with a sigh" and imagine what could have been.
无论我们的选择是大是小，它们都有一个共同点，那就是它们都会带来某种结果。在大多数情况下一旦我们做了选择，就没有退路。虽然这首诗的作者考虑改天再探索另一条路，但是他也知道获得这种机会的可能性微乎其微。就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。
This sigh, this wondering whether we made the right choice, is understandable. Although we may be free to choose which path to take, this choice isn't easy when those two paths look similar. Presented with two job offers, for instance we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities? Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice?
这一声叹息，以及我们对是否做出了正确选择的顾虑都是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由地选择走哪一条路，但是当两条路看起来大同小异时，其实很难做选择。比如当我们同时面对两个工作机会时，我们可能会思索到底我们是在什么当中选择。如果我们选择了一份工作而在不知不觉中放弃了其他未来的机会，那该怎么办?而我们又甚至能否发现自己是否做出了正确的选择呢?
Ultimately, the road ahead the road through our lives-is a mixture of choice and chance. And when we are approaching the end of that road, how will we remember the journey? How will we look back on our lives? In the poem, the writer doubts his choice, thinking that in the future "ages and ages hence", he may claim that he took the "less traveled" road. Some of us do take a more unusual path through life and while it may be a harder one to follow, it can also lead to new adventures and experiences. Nonetheless, part of the art of decision-making is learning to make the most of our decisions Instead of looking back with regret, we should be facing our future with energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.
最后，前方的路，也就是我们的人生之路，其实是由选择和机会交织而成的。当我们快走到尽头时，我们会如何铭记这段旅途?我们会如何回顾自己的一生在这首诗中，作者质疑了自己的选择，在“多年之后”的未来，他可能会承认自己选择了一条“人迹较少”的路。生活中确实会有一些人选择不寻常的道路，虽然路途更加艰难，但也会带来新的奇遇和经历。尽管如此，就做决定的艺术而言，一部分就在于学会充分利用我们的决定。我们应该积极乐观地面对未来，而非带着遗憾回顾过去，因为选择在于我们自己，而且它们只属于我们自己。
Unit 2
Tuesdays with Morrie
相约星期二
Despite being a sports journalist with a successful career ahead of him, Mitch Albom feels that there is something missing from his life. This all changes when he is reunited with his favourite college professor, Morrie Schwartz. On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays. The weekly conversations between Mitch and Morrie result in series of lessons on the meaning of life and how best to live it.
米奇·阿尔博姆是一位前途光明的体育新闻记者，可他总觉得生活里少了些什么。直到和最喜爱的大学教授莫里·施瓦茨重逢，他的心态才彻底改变。米奇得知莫里得了重病，日渐虚弱，便每周二都去教授家看望他。米奇和莫里每周的谈=话最终成为一堂堂课，探讨人生意义和如何更好地生活。
Arthur K
阿瑟·K
This book is about dying, but it is not pessimistic. Indeed, it was a pleasant surprise to find that this book is filled with joy and hope. Morrie's bravery towards the end of his life is inspirational and has made me value my own life more. In fact, far from being book about death,it' s book about life.as Morrie says, "Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live." As Morrie anticipates his own death, he observes everything as though through new eyes-the things around him seem more beautiful than ever before and hold new meanings. From his window, he watches each season change, knowing it could be his last. This encourages us to appreciate what we have, and to make the most of each day.
虽然这本书谈论的是死亡，但并不悲观书里洋溢着欢乐和希望，很是让人惊喜。莫里面对死亡所展示出的无畏也给人很大的启发，让我更加珍惜自己的生命。实际上，这根本不是一本关于死亡的书，而是一本关于生活的书。正如莫里所说:“懂得了怎样死亡，也就学会了怎样生活。”到了弥留之际，莫里开始用新的眼光看待周围的一切事物一一切都显得更加美好，也有了新的意义。他在窗边看季节更替，知道这可能是生命最后的时光。这鼓励我们珍视自己所拥有的一切，充分利用每一天。
Amy Wang
埃米·王
I think this book should be on all school reading lists. After finishing it, I feel I have been given deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view. On the 11th Tuesday, Morrie explains that ".. the big things-how we think, what we value -those you must choose yourself. You can't let anyone -or any society-determine those for you" While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions. I think it's important for young people to know that making a lot of money won't always make them happy, or that looking different doesn't make person abnormal! It's up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values.
我认为这本书应该列入所有学校阅读书目。读完后，我觉得自己对世界有了更深刻的认识，可以从不同的角度看待事物了。在第11个星期二，莫里说道:…在重要的问题上比如如何思考、我们珍视什么等方面，你须自己做选择。你不能让任何人或社会替你做决定。”在我们活着的时候，我们往往会被不重要的事物分散注意力，例如积累物质财富。我认为对于年轻人来说，重要的是明白赚很多钱并不总能带来快乐，看上去与众不同并不代表不正常。我们应该靠自己去弄清楚生命中什么才是最重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。
Morrie says that most people"seem half-asleep", even when they're doing things they think are important. Reading this book made me feel as if I'd been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
莫里说即使大多数人在做自认为重要的事情，他们也是“看上去半睡半醒”的。阅读这本书仿佛将我从长觉中唤醒了，让我终于开始睁眼看世界
Marty
马蒂
Despite its widespread recognition, my first impression was that Tuesdays with Morrie is just made up of collection of over-emotional thoughts and messages, many of which are repeated. But thinking back, it did teach me a lesson or two.The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication. Although it isn't my favourite book, I'd still recommend that people read it- after all, it is something that's a bit different!
尽管《相约星期二》这本书得到了广泛的认可，但是我的第一印象是，它只是传达了过于感性的思想和信息，其中有很多是重复的。不过现在回想起来，这本书确实给了我一两条经验，它能让我停下来思考流行文化对我的影响，以及在爱与开放式沟通的其础上树立自己的价值观有多么重要。虽然这不是我最爱的一本书，但我还是要推荐大家读一读，毕竟它有与众不同的地方!
Vivian
薇薇安
Warning! A box of tissues will be needed to get through this book! Morrie's reflections on love and friendship made me think about my life and all the good friends that I've lost touch with along the way. It made me realise just how much I miss them.
注意了!读这本书时，千万要准备一盒纸巾!莫里对于爱和友谊的思考，使我想起了自己的
生活，想起一路走来失去联系的那些好友。我才意识到，原来自己如此想念他们。
I guess that's one of the lessons of the book-always keep in touch with the good people you meet as you go through life. Like Mitch, Morrie makes you aware that you want to die feeling that you have lived life to the full knowing that you are loved and have loved others as much as you could. As Morrie's favourite poet Auden said, "Love each other or perish.
在人生旅途中，要和你遇到的优秀的人时常保持联系，这或许就是此书想传达给我们的一条经验吧。莫里提醒米奇，也提醒了人们:在你将死之时，要感觉你已经活得很充实，要知道自己是被爱的，也一直尽力爱着别人。正如莫里最爱的诗人奥登所说的，“不相爱即如死灭”。
THE BLUE BIRD
青鸟
ACT IV
第四幕
Tyltyl and Mytyl have been searching for the Blue Bird in the Land of Memory, the Palace of Night and the Forest. Now, they have arrived at the Palace of Happiness.
狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔一直在寻找青鸟，他们一行已经踏过了记忆之土、夜宫和森林，现在抵达了幸福之园。
SCENE II. -The Palace of Happiness.
第二场幸福之园
(A troop of HAPPINESSES rush into the hall, singing, "There they are! They see us!" They dance merrily around the CHILDREN, then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched.)
(一群幸福跑进大厅，唱着:“他们来了!他们看见我们了!”并围着孩子们欢快地跳起舞来。而后，一个头领模样的人走向狄蒂尔，对他伸出了手。)
THE HAPPINESS How do you do, Tyltyl?
幸福:你好，狄蒂尔!
TYLTYL Who are you?
狄蒂尔:你是…?
THE HAPPINESS Don't you recognise me?
幸福:你认不出我了吗?
TYLTYL (a little embarrassed) Why, no... I don't remember seeing any of you.
狄蒂尔:(有点尴尬)哎呀，是认不出…可我不记得见过你们中的任何一位啊。
(All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.)Why, we are the only things you do know! We are always around you! We eat, drink, wake up, breathe and live with you!
(其他幸福哄然大笑。)哟，我们正是你唯一了解的东西啊!我们一直在你周围!我们同你一起吃喝，一起醒来，一起呼吸，一起生活呢!
TYLTYL Oh... But I should like to know what your names are...
狄蒂尔:噢……不过我想知道你们的名字叫什么…
THE HAPPINESS I am the chief of the Happinesses of your home; and all these are the other Happinesses that live there.
幸福:我是你家里幸福的领头人;这些是住在你家的其他幸福。
TYLTYL Then there are Happinesses in my home?
狄蒂尔:那么，我家里有很多幸福吗?
(All the HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.)
(所有的幸福都哄然大笑。)
THE HAPPINESS You heard him! Are there Happinesses in his home! Why, it is crammed with Happinesses! Let me introduce myself first: the Happiness of Being Well. I am not the prettiest, but I am the most important. This is the Happiness of Pure Air, who is almost transparent. Here is the Happiness of Loving One's Parents. Here are the Happiness of the Blue Sky, who, of course, is dressed in blue, and the Happiness of the Forest: you will see him every time you go to the window...
幸福:你们听他在说些什么!他家里是不是有很多幸福?!嘿，幸福多得都要挤不下了!先介绍一下我自己:我是健康幸福，虽不是最漂亮的，但却是最重要的。这个是纯净空气幸福，他几乎是透明的。这个是敬爱父母幸福。这个是蓝天幸福，他自然是身穿蓝衣。这个是森林幸福，你每次走到窗前都能看见他…
TTWTL Excuse me, but do you know where the Blue Bird is?
狄蒂尔:不好意思，请问你知道青鸟在哪儿吗?
THE HAPPINESS He doesn't know where the Blue Bird is! (All the HAPPINESSES OF THE HOME burst out laughing.)
幸福:他不知道青鸟在哪儿!(家里所有的幸福哄然大笑。)
TTLITL (vexed) No, I do not know. There's nothing to laugh at.(Fresh bursts of laughter)
狄蒂尔:(恼火了)是，我就是不知道。有什么好笑的!(又爆出一阵笑声。)
THE HAPPNESS He doesn't know: well what do you expect? He is no more absurd than the majority of men...
幸福:他不知道，好吧，还能怎么样呢?他和大多数人一样都不可笑…
ACT VI
第六幕
Unable to find the Blue Bird anywhere the children say goodbye to their magical friends and return home. While they are trying to tell their parents about their adventures, their neighbour comes in. Her sick daughter has wanted Tyltyl's pet bird for a long time, but until now he has been reluctant to give it to her.
狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔没能找到青鸟，只得同这些神奇的朋友们告别，返回家中。到家后，他们正要和父母讲述自己的奇遇，邻居进来了。邻居生病的女儿想要狄蒂尔的宠物鸟好久了，但直到现在他也不愿意把鸟送人。
SCENE II. The Awakening.
第二场醒来
(Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT, a little old woman leaning on a stick.)
(邻居贝兰戈上场，是一位拄着一根拐杖的矮小的老妇人。)
MUMMYTYL How is your little girl?
狄蒂尔妈妈:你家小姑娘身体怎么样了?
THENEIGHBOUR Only so-so. She can't get up. But I know what would cure her.
邻居:马马虎虎，还起不了床。可我知道什么能治好她。
MUMMYTYL Yes, I know; it's Tyltyl's bird. Well, Tyltyl, aren't you going to give it at last to that poor little thing?
狄蒂尔妈妈:对，我也知道，得用狄蒂尔的鸟。喂，狄蒂尔，这下你总该把鸟送给那可怜的小
姑娘了吧?
TYLTYL My bird! Why, he's blue! But it's my turtle-dove! But he's much bluer than when I went away! Why, that's the Blue Bird we were looking for! We went so far and he was here all the time! There, Madame Berlingot, take him to your little girl.
狄蒂尔:我的鸟!呀，它变成了青色!可它是我的小斑鸠啊!颜色怎么比我离开的时候变得更深了!天啊，它肯定是我们一直在找的青鸟!我们走了那么远，没想到它就在这里!给，贝兰戈太太，快把它带给你的小姑娘吧。
THE NEIGHBOUR Really? Straight away and for nothing? How happy she will be! (Kissing TYLTYL.)
邻居:真的?就这样白送给我了?她该多开心啊!(亲吻狄蒂）
(Later, the NEIGHBOUR enters with a little girl who carries TYLTYL'S' dove in her arms.)
(后来，邻居牵着一个小姑娘上场。小姑娘怀抱着狄蒂尔的斑鸠。)
THE NEIGHBOUR Do you see the miracle? She can run, she can dance, she can fly! (Pushing the LITTLE GIRL into TYITYL'S arms. Come along and thank Tyltyl.）
邻居:你们看到这个奇迹了吗?她现在能跑能跳，甚至能飞奔呢!(把小姑娘推到狄蒂尔怀里。)快去谢谢狄蒂尔。
(After TYITYL kisses the LITTLE GIRL rather awkwardly, the two children look at each other without speaking; then TYLTYL strokes the dove's head.）
(狄蒂尔笨拙地亲吻了小姑娘以后，两人对视，什么也没说随后，狄蒂尔轻抚着斑鸠的头。)
TYLTYL Is he blue enough？
狄蒂尔:它的青色够深吗?
THE LITTLL GIRL Yes, I am so pleased with him.
小姑娘:是的，我很喜欢它。
TYLTYLL I have seen bluer ones. But those which are quite blue, you know, do what you
will, you can't catch them.
狄蒂尔:我还见过更青的鸟，但是你知道的，那些纯青的鸟，真是怎么捉也捉不住。
THE LITTLL GIRL That doesn't matter; he's lovely.
小姑娘:没关系的，这只就很美了。
TYLTYL Has he had anything to eat? I will show you...
狄蒂尔:它吃过东西了吗?我给你看看它是怎么吃东西的
(He moves to take the bird from the LITTLE GIRL'S hands. She resists instinctively; and, in their hesitation, the DOVE escapes and flies away.)
(他想从小姑娘手里接过青鸟，小姑娘本能地拒绝;在争抢的过程中，斑鸠逃掉并飞走了。)
THE LITTLL GIRL (with a cry of despair) He is gone!
小姑娘:(绝望地大喊)它飞走了!
TYLTYL Never mind. Don't cry. I will catch him again. (Stepping to the front of the stage and addressing the audience.) If any of you should find him, would you be so very kind as to give him back to us? We need him for our happiness, later on.
狄蒂尔:没关系的，不要哭。我会把它抓回来的。(走到舞台前，面向观众致辞。)你们若是有谁找到了它，能请你们把它归还给我们吗?为了以后的幸福，我们需要它。
CURTAIN
落幕
(Adaptation from The Blue Bird by Maurice Maeterlinck)
(改编自莫里斯·梅特林克的《青鸟》)
Unit 3
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
欢迎来到敦煌!
Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
欢迎来到敦煌!这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将会是怎样的。
Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. Come little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像!你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画!它们的面积有45，000平方米，非常惊人。
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or "Flying Immortals". Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰;这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。
Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from here. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
1900年发生了件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在
一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸
刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况:货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来?这至今仍是个谜。
In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
Now let's move on to the next cave...
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟…
READING CHINA
解读中国
The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all.But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received? Today,four Sinologists and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are:
我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些中国文学作品?对这些作品评价如何？今天，四位汉学家、译者将给我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历，他们是:
Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰
Joachim, aged 25 from France
若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
马伊，28岁，来自埃及
Q1: How did you get interested in Chinese literature?
问题1:你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的?
Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course-everyone loves kung fu, don't they? I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and found that I liked Chinese music, too-I just loved the movie's theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.
佩特科:一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫《少林寺》的电影说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服——人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗?我还觉得中文听起来那么美，我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐一一我特别喜欢电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》
Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age.When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university.
安妮鲁斯:我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这启发我在大学选择了汉学专业。
Joachim: When was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer's epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature.After reading it, realised the true genius of China's "Grand Historian", Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.
若阿基姆:我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在此之前，我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的才华。他的文章对我影响很大，激发了我对中国文学的热情。
Mai: I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of
the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.
马伊:我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐对中国文学产生了兴趣。埃及大多数文学译作来自英语国家，所以读中国文学作品使人兴奋，也鼓舞人心。
Q2: How do you select works to translate?
问题2:你是如何选择作品来翻译的?
Petko: I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
佩特科:我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。现在这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一个目标就是翻译《三国演义》
Annelous: In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there, I've so far translated the writings of Han Han, and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.
安妮鲁斯:在荷兰，声望高的汉学家很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参考其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了韩寒的作品，现在正在翻译徐则臣的作品。
Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in. I've translated several short stories by Mo Yan. Right now, I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.
若阿基姆:我只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译了莫言的几篇短篇小说。现在，我正在研究20世纪初上海的流行文学。
Mai: I don't care if writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I've translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what's being self-published online by new, young authors-they have some good ideas.
马伊:我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品一一他们有一些不错的想法。
Q3: Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country?
问题3:中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎?
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
佩特科:《兰十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。在保加利亚，作者通常最期待的是自己的作品卖几百本，《三十六计》在保加利亚是畅销书!
Annelous: Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.
安妮鲁斯:每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。购买和阅读这些书籍的人想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。
Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. Mo Yan was already hugely popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot of significance to the French and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.
若阿基姆:莫言和余华的小说在法国卖得很好。莫言原本已经非常受欢迎，在获得诺贝尔文学奖后更受欢迎了。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高评价。
Mai: Egyptians like literature that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are "Fond Memories of Autumn"by Shi Tiesheng and "Street Scene"by Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
马伊:埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。
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